Art theft is 3rd most lucrative crime in the world
By Lori Hinnant
Associated Press
PARIS (AP) — The burglars dashed out the back door with seven masterworks, then sped on screeching tires into the night. Now comes the hard part: The thieves have to unload the paintings, instantly recognizable pieces by Picasso, Matisse and Monet worth millions.
If the thieves who robbed Rotterdam’s Kunsthal exhibition this week don’t have a plan, the stolen art could quickly become a burden. Paintings, sculptures and other cultural treasures can be hard to match with a buyer willing to overlook questionable provenance. Just ask the trafficker who lucklessly tried for 20 years to
sell a statue head of Nero’s mother stolen from Pompeii before its recovery was announced on Thursday.
But, experts say for criminals with connections, it’s a low-risk, high-reward job, especially for lesser known pieces.
Art theft is the third most lucrative crime in the world, after drugs and illicit arms sales, according to Interpol and the FBI. Films glamorize it, and the punishment for those who are caught is too light to be much of a deterrent.
Stolen art disappears into the underworld quickly. Much of it is never found. Paintings have been buried, stashed in storage units, given as gifts to the unwitting, traded for drugs, held for ransom, hung on the walls of criminals, and sold on eBay.
Straight cash transactions appear to be rare — at least for high-profile thefts like the one in Rotterdam. Anyone legitimate enough to demand where a painting came from is going to come across it in news stories and databases of stolen artwork.
“We either see artwork being recovered very quickly after the theft or decades later, very little in-between,” said Chris Marinello, executive director of the Art Loss Register, whose job it is to track stolen art after the police trail has run cold.
But it’s been 22 years since the theft of $300 million in works from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston — the largest single property theft ever. The case is unsolved and none of the 12 paintings has been recovered.
Many stolen works end up getting dumped. Five works stolen from the Paris Museum of Modern Art in 2010 may be gone forever. According to one French report, the thieves couldn’t quickly resell the works and their fence panicked after a series of arrests, destroying the canvases and throwing away the remains — a Picasso, a Braque, a Modigliani, a Matisse and a Leger.
Despite the complications of fencing stolen art, it clearly can be done, especially by thieves with connections. Estimates range from $6 billion to $9 billion in global sales — a sign of both how lucrative the market is and how little known.
It’s anyone’s guess what happened to the Gardner paintings, for example — or whether anyone still alive even knows. The $5 million reward hasn’t brought them to light, nor have promises of immunity.
“It’s easy to move around, easy to enter the black market,” said Anthony Roman, a New York-based security expert. And, he said, even though the returns on the black market are a fraction of what the art could fetch on the open market, “There is still a fortune to be made. The risk of getting caught is very, very low.”
Prosecutions generally fall under burglary, extortion or — at most — robbery statutes. Sentences are relatively short.
“Art theft is not murder, but still the penalties could be enhanced a bit to discourage people,” said Marinello.
In one infamous case, a compulsive French art thief named Stephane Breitwieser told a court he stole more than 200 works from small museums across Europe, keeping most of them at his home purely for his own enjoyment.
He was sentenced to 26 months in prison in 2005 — and then was arrested again in 2011 after investigators said they found 29 works of art at his apartment.
Insurance companies absorb most of the losses, but that causes costs to rise in the future for everyone in the art world.
